1,000 tortoises a week poached in Madagascar

‘We might lose tortoises in the wild in less than 50 years'

October 2010: Ten or more zebu carts each filled with about 100 terrestrial tortoises are leaving the Mahafaly Plateau in south Madagascar every week, according to a survey conducted by WWF staff.

ON THE INCREASE: Tortoise poaching in Madagascar is increasing, with many poachers now armed. Picture: WWF / Toliara

And while poaching of the endemic radiated tortoise and the spider tortoise for the bush meat and pet trade is long established, ongoing political instability has seen a large jump in illegal collection.

Poachers are also now much more likely to be armed and dangerous, with Toliara area gendarmes suspecting a well established network behind the poachers now lies behind the trade.

Radiated and spider tortoises are among only four terrestrial tortoise species found in Madagascar and their range is limited to the unique, but under pressure, spiny forest.

‘The decline of this flagship species is alarming'
Some 7,855 living tortoises and more than 4.8 tonnes of meat were seized between 2001 and 2010 - thought to represent around two per cent of an estimated 600,000 tortoises collected from the eco region during that period.

‘The population decline of these flagship species is alarming,' said Tiana Ramahaleo, WWF's Conservation Planning and Species Programme Coordinator in Madagascar. ‘If we don't manage to halt tortoise poaching and habitat destruction in the South, we might lose both tortoises in the wild in less than 50 years.'

DELICACY: Radiated tortoises are hunted for their meat. Picture: WWF / Martina Lippuner

Radiated tortoise meat is seen as a delicacy
Radiated tortoise meat is a delicacy for the Vezo and Antanosy ethnic groups in the south and people from the High Plateau around Madagascar's capital Antananarivo during special events such as Christmas, Easter and Independence Day - accounting for peaks in poaching for a few weeks before the festivals. To a lesser extent, radiated tortoises are killed after they invade crop fields in search for food.

A recent survey by WWF Toliara among 30 communities in the south western spiny forest shows that tortoise collection in the Plateau Mahafaly is still rampant. Tortoises are gathered in this area and sent to the main meat markets such as Toliara and Fort Dauphin for local consumption or they are being smuggled out of the country.

Tortoise habitat is also under threat from alarming levels of deforestation, with a study made in 2008 by Conservation International (CI) showing an increase in deforestation rates from 1.2 per cent annually 1999-2000 to nearly four per cent annually in some regions in 2000-2005. The main drivers behind such high rates of deforestation are slash-and-burn agriculture, bush fires and charcoal production for the towns of Toliara and Fort Dauphin.

PET TRADE: WWF is asking the public not to buy tortoises, such as these spider ones, as pets. Picture: WWF / Martina Lippuner

On sale as pets in Thailand and Indonesia
Madagascar's endemic tortoises are highly sought after in exotic pet markets. TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade programme of WWF, recently reported radiated tortoises and other threatened Malagasy species openly on sale in pet markets in both Thailand and Indonesia, while TRAFFIC also reports a number of occasions when travellers have been arrested with Malagasy tortoises in their luggage in the region.

Earlier this year, as reported by Wildlife Extra, two Malagasy women became the first people charged and convicted under Malaysia's tough new International Trade in Endangered Species Act 2008 after they were found with 374 tortoises, the majority of them radiated tortoises in their possession. Each woman received a one-year prison term. There have also been a number of seizures from passengers at Madagascar's international airport in Ivato, as well as Kuala Lumpar airport, where 300 were found earlier this year.

‘Such effective law enforcement action in Asia sends a strong deterrent signal to those involved in the illicit trade that this global problem is being tackled in an increasingly systematic manner,' said James Compton, Director of TRAFFIC's Asia-Pacific Programme.

WWF in Madagascar has been active in the spiny forest eco region since 1999. ‘We managed to reduce deforestation rate by 27 per cent where WWF works,' says Ramahale. ‘Four theatre groups are touring the South raising awareness for tortoise conservation. Many villages have decided to forbid tortoise poaching and cooperate well with local authorities. Almost all seizures made so far were possible because of community members blowing the whistle.'

This year, WWF Toliara celebrated the Year of Biodiversity with a conference about their endemic tortoises. The objective was to raise awareness among the local population and animate them to conserve these emblematic species.

Poachers arrested
But even as WWF Toliara was holding this conference, participants received the breaking news: tortoise poachers had been arrested outside Toliara and 1,475 living tortoises as well as dry tortoise meat confiscated.

‘For the next five years WWF will empower civil society and establish an information network in the south to help the police make sure tortoise trafficking does not go unpunished.'

‘We will also continue development initiatives in the region to show people there are alternatives to poaching tortoises for an income.

‘Last but not least, we are asking every single person on this planet not to buy endangered Malagasy tortoises as pets. If the demand for the radiated and the spider tortoise on international markets is weakening, it'll buy time to save them once and for all.'